PyNeurodesk

PyNeurodesk is the Python interface to Neurodesk containers. It lets you search for containers, start a local container runtime, run commands from Python, and load Neurodesk tools into an interactive shell.

Use PyNeurodesk when you want to:

• call Neurodesk tools from a Python script or notebook
• avoid managing container paths by hand
• load tools such as niimath into your terminal with nd load
• connect to an existing Neurodesk container daemon

Requirements

• Python 3.9 or newer
• a machine that can run the Neurodesk container daemon
• internet access for the first download of a container, Linux kernel, and emulator files

Live container execution depends on host virtualization support. On Linux systems this usually means KVM needs to be available. If you are on an HPC system, check with your system administrator before using PyNeurodesk on compute nodes.

Install PyNeurodesk

Create and activate a Python environment first if you do not want to install into your main Python environment.

python3 -m venv neurodesk-python
source neurodesk-python/bin/activate
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install neurodesk

Check that the command line tools are available:

neurodesk --help
nd --help

Run a container from Python

Import Neurodesk, prepare a container, then run a command inside it.

import neurodesk as nd

niimath = nd.container("niimath")
print(niimath.run("niimath", "-help"))

The first run may take a little longer because PyNeurodesk needs to download and prepare the required files. Later runs reuse the local cache.

Many containers expose command wrappers. After the container is ready, you can call a wrapper as a Python method:

import neurodesk as nd

niimath = nd.container("niimath")
print(niimath.niimath("-help"))

Find available container versions

Use search() to see matching Neurodesk container versions:

import neurodesk as nd

print(nd.search("niimath"))

When you call nd.container("niimath"), PyNeurodesk resolves the container from Neurodesk release metadata or CVMFS and prepares the preferred version automatically.

Share a working directory

Use share_dir() when a container needs to read or write files from your host machine.

from pathlib import Path
import neurodesk as nd

work = nd.share_dir(Path.cwd(), writable=True)
niimath = nd.container("niimath")

print(niimath.run("sh", "-lc", f"ls {work.guest_path}"))

The shared folder is mounted inside the container under a path like /.share/<session-id>. Use writable=True when the tool needs to create or modify files.

Use PyNeurodesk from a shell

PyNeurodesk can add Neurodesk command wrappers to your current shell session.

For Bash:

source <(neurodesk activate --shell bash)
nd load niimath
niimath -help

For Zsh:

source <(neurodesk activate --shell zsh)
nd load niimath
niimath -help

For PowerShell:

nd activate | iex
nd load niimath
niimath -help

The nd load command prepares the container and creates command wrappers for tools listed by the container metadata. These wrappers are stored in a temporary session directory and added to your PATH.

Run a one-off shell command

After activating your shell, you can run a command without adding wrappers permanently to the session:

nd exec niimath -- niimath -help

Connect to an existing daemon

If you already have a Neurodesk container daemon running, connect to it with a URL:

import neurodesk as nd

client = nd.connect(base_url="http://127.0.0.1:3456")
print(client.instance_status())

You can also set the daemon URL with an environment variable:

export PYNEURODESK_BASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:3456

Useful environment variables

• PYNEURODESK_BASE_URL: connect to an existing daemon
• PYNEURODESK_CACHE_DIR: choose where PyNeurodesk stores daemon state and shell sessions
• PYNEURODESK_CCVM: use a specific ccvm daemon binary
• PYNEURODESK_HTTP_TIMEOUT: set the HTTP timeout in seconds
• PYNEURODESK_BOOT_TIMEOUT: set the VM boot timeout in seconds
• PYNEURODESK_RELEASES_DIR: use local Neurodesk release metadata
• PYNEURODESK_RELEASES_API: use a custom release metadata API endpoint

Troubleshooting

The first run is slow

This is expected. PyNeurodesk may need to download the container, Linux kernel, emulator, and image metadata. Try the same command again after the first run completes.

The container daemon cannot start

Check that virtualization is available on your machine. On Linux, confirm that KVM is available and that your user has permission to use it.

A command cannot see my data

Share the directory with nd.share_dir() in Python, or run the command from a directory that the active shell session can mount. If the tool needs to write outputs, make the share writable.

I want to run fulltest recipes

Install the optional fulltest dependencies:

python -m pip install "neurodesk[fulltest]"

Then use the pyneurodesk-fulltest command.